Reading: Sample analysis — Paraphrase: từ câu hỏi tới passage

1. Mục tiêu buổi học

• Đọc một passage mẫu và phân tích cách từ trong câu hỏi được paraphrase sang passage.
• Nhận diện được paraphrase dạng khái quát ↔ cụ thể (như vehicles ↔ cars and buses) và từ không đổi được (tên, số, thuật ngữ).
• Tự đi từng bước tìm câu chứa đáp án mà không bị mắc bẫy ở câu có từ giống.
• Luyện lại với một đoạn ngắn để tự kiểm tra.

2. Passage mẫu

Đọc passage sau. Bài này nói về sự thay đổi trong giao thông công cộng ở một thành phố ở Anh.

A In the early 2000s, the local government of Greenfield decided to improve public transport. The old bus system was irregular and many residents were unhappy with the long waiting times. City planners proposed several changes, including new bus routes and a light rail network. However, the rail project was considered too expensive and was rejected.

B Between 2005 and 2010, the number of buses increased from 80 to 150. New vehicles, including electric buses and hybrid models, replaced the older diesel ones. This development reduced air pollution by 22% over five years. The management team also introduced a mobile app that showed real-time bus locations, which improved the popularity of public transport among younger passengers.

C Despite these improvements, some problems remained. In 2012, a local economist published a report stating that ticket prices had risen faster than people's incomes. Low-income families found bus travel increasingly unaffordable. The report suggested that the government should rewrite its pricing policy to make fares fairer for all residents.

D By 2015, the city had launched a discount scheme for students, pensioners, and people with disabilities. This change led to a 30% increase in the number of passengers using buses during off-peak hours. A city council director stated that the scheme was unlikely to be removed, as it had become an essential part of the transport strategy.

E Today, Greenfield's public transport system is seen as a model for other towns. Although the light rail project was never built, buses now serve almost every neighbourhood. According to a recent survey, 68% of residents believe the changes have made their daily lives easier. The ability of the system to adapt to passenger needs has been key to its success.

3. Questions

Questions 1–8
Complete the sentences below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.

1. In the early 2000s, many residents complained about the __________ of the old bus service.
2. The proposed light rail network was not built because it was too __________.
3. The introduction of new vehicles, such as __________ and hybrid buses, helped cut pollution.
4. A mobile app showing bus locations became popular with __________ passengers.
5. In 2012, an __________ warned that ticket prices were rising too quickly.
6. The city introduced a __________ for certain groups of people in 2015.
7. A city official said the discount programme was __________ to be removed.
8. According to a survey, __________ of residents think the transport changes have been helpful.

4. Answer key

5. Phân tích từng câu

6. Quy trình đọc – tìm – đối chiếu

Đây là quy trình bạn nên theo từng bước khi làm dạng bài này.

1. Đọc instructionCheck word limit (NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER → tối đa 2 từ và/hoặc một số). Nếu viết thừa từ là sai ngay.
2. Đọc câu hỏiGạch chân keyword: tên riêng, số, năm, từ thuật ngữ không đổi được. Ghi nhớ ý câu hỏi hỏi cái gì.
3. Tìm trong passageScan tìm keyword không đổi (tên, số, năm) trước. Đọc câu đó và câu xung quanh xem có paraphrase ý câu hỏi không.
4. Đối chiếu paraphraseSo sánh từ trong câu hỏi và trong passage: đồng nghĩa, đổi dạng từ, đổi cấu trúc, khái quát ↔ cụ thể. Đừng dừng ở câu đầu có từ giống.
5. Chọn đáp ánĐiền đúng từ trong passage, check lại word limit và chính tả.