| Từ vựng | Loại từ | Nghĩa & ví dụ | Thuộc |
|---|---|---|---|
|
fable
/ˈfeɪ.bəl/
|
noun |
truyện ngụ ngôn
Aesop's fables often contain useful lessons
|
— |
|
crow
/krəʊ/
|
noun |
con quạ
The crow used stones to raise the water level
|
— |
|
pitcher
/ˈpɪtʃ.ər/
|
noun |
bình, vò
The crow dropped stones into the pitcher
|
— |
|
thirsty
/ˈθɜː.sti/
|
adjective |
khát nước
The thirsty crow searched for water
|
— |
|
quench
/kwentʃ/
|
verb |
làm thỏa cơn khát, giải khát
The crow used water to quench its thirst
|
— |
|
thirst
/θɜːst/
|
noun |
cơn khát
The crow was suffering from thirst
|
— |
|
demonstrate
/ˈdem.ən.streɪt/
|
verb |
chứng minh, cho thấy
The study demonstrates that rooks can solve problems
|
— |
|
publish
/ˈpʌb.lɪʃ/
|
verb |
công bố, xuất bản
The study was published in a scientific journal
|
— |
|
journal
/ˈdʒɜː.nəl/
|
noun |
tạp chí khoa học/chuyên ngành
The findings appeared in a scientific journal
|
— |
|
rook
/rʊk/
|
noun |
chim rook, một loài thuộc họ quạ
Rooks are members of the crow family
|
— |
|
corvid
/ˈkɔː.vɪd/
|
noun |
họ chim quạ
Rooks belong to the corvid family
|
— |
|
belong to
/bɪˈlɒŋ tuː/
|
verb phrase |
thuộc về
Rooks belong to the corvid family
|
— |
|
solve
/sɒlv/
|
verb |
giải quyết
The birds can solve complex problems
|
— |
|
complex
/ˈkɒm.pleks/
|
adjective |
phức tạp
The experiment involved a complex problem
|
— |
|
tool
/tuːl/
|
noun |
công cụ
The birds used stones as tools
|
— |
|
technique
/tekˈniːk/
|
noun |
kỹ thuật, phương pháp
The birds mastered the same technique
|
— |
|
master
/ˈmɑː.stər/
|
verb |
thành thạo, làm chủ
The birds quickly mastered the technique
|
— |
|
lead author
/liːd ˈɔː.θər/
|
noun |
tác giả chính
Christopher Bird was the lead author of the paper
|
— |
|
highlight
/ˈhaɪ.laɪt/
|
verb |
nhấn mạnh, làm nổi bật
The researcher highlighted the importance of the findings
|
— |
|
finding
/ˈfaɪn.dɪŋ/
|
noun |
phát hiện, kết quả nghiên cứu
The findings were published in a journal
|
— |
|
remarkably
/rɪˈmɑː.kə.bli/
|
adverb |
đáng kinh ngạc, đáng chú ý
Corvids are remarkably intelligent
|
— |
|
intelligent
/ɪnˈtel.ɪ.dʒənt/
|
adjective |
thông minh
Rooks are highly intelligent birds
|
— |
|
rival
/ˈraɪ.vəl/
|
verb |
sánh ngang, cạnh tranh với
Corvids rival great apes in some abilities
|
— |
|
great ape
/ˌɡreɪt ˈeɪp/
|
noun |
loài vượn lớn
Great apes have complex problem-solving abilities
|
— |
|
physical intelligence
/ˈfɪz.ɪ.kəl ɪnˈtel.ɪ.dʒəns/
|
noun |
trí thông minh thể chất
The study examined the birds' physical intelligence
|
— |
|
ability
/əˈbɪl.ə.ti/
|
noun |
khả năng
The birds showed an ability to solve problems
|
— |
|
orang-utan
/əˈræŋ.ə.tæn/
|
noun |
đười ươi
The orang-utan can complete similar tasks
|
— |
|
remarkable
/rɪˈmɑː.kə.bəl/
|
adjective |
đáng kinh ngạc, đáng chú ý
The results were remarkable
|
— |
|
speculate
/ˈspek.jə.leɪt/
|
verb |
suy đoán
Scientists speculate that the birds learnt from experience
|
— |
|
folklore
/ˈfəʊk.lɔːr/
|
noun |
văn hóa dân gian, truyện dân gian
The behaviour has been described in folklore
|
— |
|
empirical
/ɪmˈpɪr.ɪ.kəl/
|
adjective |
dựa trên thực nghiệm
Empirical tests are needed to examine the theory
|
— |
|
examine
/ɪɡˈzæm.ɪn/
|
verb |
kiểm tra, nghiên cứu, xem xét
Researchers examined the birds' behaviour
|
— |
|
extent
/ɪkˈstent/
|
noun |
mức độ, phạm vi
Scientists studied the extent of their intelligence
|
— |
|
researcher
/rɪˈsɜː.tʃər/
|
noun |
nhà nghiên cứu
The researchers observed four rooks
|
— |
|
vary
/ˈveə.ri/
|
verb |
thay đổi, biến đổi
The researchers varied the height of the water
|
— |
|
height
/haɪt/
|
noun |
chiều cao, độ cao
The birds raised the height of the water
|
— |
|
subject
/ˈsʌb.dʒɪkt/
|
noun |
đối tượng nghiên cứu
Four rooks were the subjects of the research
|
— |
|
raise
/reɪz/
|
verb |
nâng lên, làm tăng
The stones raised the water level
|
— |
|
water level
/ˈwɔː.tər ˌlev.əl/
|
noun |
mực nước
The birds raised the water level
|
— |
|
floating
/ˈfləʊ.tɪŋ/
|
adjective |
đang nổi
A worm was floating on top of the water
|
— |
|
adept
/əˈdept/
|
adjective |
thành thạo, giỏi
The birds were highly adept at solving the task
|
— |
|
regardless of
/rɪˈɡɑːd.ləs əv/
|
preposition |
bất kể, không phụ thuộc vào
They succeeded regardless of the starting water level
|
— |
|
starting level
/ˈstɑː.tɪŋ ˌlev.əl/
|
noun |
mức ban đầu
The birds succeeded regardless of the starting level
|
— |
|
regardless
/rɪˈɡɑːd.ləs/
|
adverb |
bất kể, không xét đến
They succeeded regardless of the conditions
|
— |
|
successful
/səkˈses.fəl/
|
adjective |
thành công
The birds were highly successful
|
— |
|
first try
/fɜːst traɪ/
|
noun |
lần thử đầu tiên
Two birds succeeded on their first try
|
— |
|
second try
/ˈsek.ənd traɪ/
|
noun |
lần thử thứ hai
The other birds needed a second try
|
— |
|
accurate
/ˈæk.jə.rət/
|
adjective |
chính xác
The birds were highly accurate
|
— |
|
exact
/ɪɡˈzækt/
|
adjective |
chính xác, đúng số lượng
They added the exact number of stones needed
|
— |
|
add
/æd/
|
verb |
thêm vào
The birds added stones to the tube
|
— |
|
appropriate
/əˈprəʊ.pri.ət/
|
adjective |
thích hợp, phù hợp
They waited for the appropriate water level
|
— |
|
estimate
/ˈes.tɪ.meɪt/
|
verb |
ước tính
The birds estimated the number of stones needed
|
— |
|
outset
/ˈaʊt.set/
|
noun |
ngay từ đầu
They estimated the number from the outset
|
— |
|
dip
/dɪp/
|
verb |
nhúng, hạ xuống
The birds dipped their beaks into the tube
|
— |
|
beak
/biːk/
|
noun |
mỏ chim
The birds dipped their beaks into the water
|
— |
|
experiment
/ɪkˈsper.ɪ.mənt/
|
noun |
thí nghiệm
The second experiment used stones of different sizes
|
— |
|
present
/prɪˈzent/
|
verb |
đưa ra, cho tiếp xúc với
The rooks were presented with different stones
|
— |
|
vary in size
/ˈveə.ri ɪn saɪz/
|
verb phrase |
khác nhau về kích thước
The stones varied in size
|
— |
|
select
/sɪˈlekt/
|
verb |
lựa chọn
The rooks selected larger stones
|
— |
|
larger
/ˈlɑː.dʒər/
|
adjective |
lớn hơn
The birds preferred larger stones
|
— |
|
displace
/dɪˈspleɪs/
|
verb |
làm dâng lên, chiếm chỗ, đẩy ra
Larger stones displace more water
|
— |
|
reward
/rɪˈwɔːd/
|
noun |
phần thưởng
The birds obtained the reward more quickly
|
— |
|
obtain
/əbˈteɪn/
|
verb |
đạt được, có được
The birds obtained food using stones
|
— |
|
rapidly
/ˈræp.ɪd.li/
|
adverb |
nhanh chóng
The birds learnt rapidly
|
— |
|
recognise
/ˈrek.əɡ.naɪz/
|
verb |
nhận ra, nhận biết
The birds recognised that sawdust behaved differently
|
— |
|
sawdust
/ˈsɔː.dʌst/
|
noun |
mùn cưa
The rooks did not put stones into the sawdust
|
— |
|
manipulate
/məˈnɪp.jə.leɪt/
|
verb |
điều khiển, tác động, xử lý
Sawdust could not be manipulated in the same way as water
|
— |
|
manner
/ˈmæn.ər/
|
noun |
cách thức
The material could not be manipulated in the same manner
|
— |
|
choice
/tʃɔɪs/
|
noun |
sự lựa chọn
The birds were given a choice between water and sawdust
|
— |
|
contain
/kənˈteɪn/
|
verb |
chứa
The tube contained water
|
— |
|
flexible
/ˈflek.sə.bəl/
|
adjective |
linh hoạt
The study demonstrates the flexible nature of tool use
|
— |
|
flexible nature
/ˈflek.sə.bəl ˈneɪ.tʃər/
|
noun phrase |
tính chất linh hoạt
The study shows the flexible nature of tool use
|
— |
|
tool use
/tuːl juːs/
|
noun |
việc sử dụng công cụ
The research examined tool use in rooks
|
— |
|
wild
/waɪld/
|
adjective |
hoang dã, tự nhiên
Rooks do not usually use tools in the wild
|
— |
|
motivation
/ˌməʊ.tɪˈveɪ.ʃən/
|
noun |
động lực
Tool use appears to depend on motivation
|
— |
|
depend on
/dɪˈpend ɒn/
|
verb phrase |
phụ thuộc vào
Tool use may depend on motivation
|
— |
|
acquire
/əˈkwaɪər/
|
verb |
kiếm được, thu được
Birds can acquire food without using tools
|
— |
|
necessity
/nəˈses.ə.ti/
|
noun |
sự cần thiết, nhu cầu cấp thiết
Necessity can lead to new solutions
|
— |
|
invention
/ɪnˈven.ʃən/
|
noun |
sự phát minh, sáng chế
Necessity is the mother of invention
|
— |
|
finding
/ˈfaɪn.dɪŋ/
|
noun |
phát hiện, kết quả nghiên cứu
The researchers published their findings.
research finding
|
— |
|
parallel
/ˈpær.ə.lel/
|
verb |
tương đồng, song song với
The results parallel those of an earlier study.
parallel A
|
— |
|
evolution
/ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən/
|
noun |
sự tiến hóa, phát triển
The evolution of language takes a long time.
evolution of
|
— |
|
frequently
/ˈfriː.kwənt.li/
|
adverb |
thường xuyên
This word is frequently used in English.
= often
|
— |
|
preserve
/prɪˈzɜːrv/
|
verb |
bảo tồn, duy trì
Some old words are preserved in modern languages.
preserve sth
|
— |
|
evolve
/ɪˈvɑːlv/
|
verb |
tiến hóa, thay đổi dần
Languages evolve over time.
evolve over time
|
— |
|
linguist
/ˈlɪŋ.ɡwɪst/
|
noun |
nhà ngôn ngữ học
Linguists study how languages change.
|
— |
|
plague
/pleɪɡ/
|
verb |
gây khó khăn, làm đau đầu
This question has long plagued linguists.
plague sb
|
— |
|
tackle
/ˈtæk.əl/
|
verb |
giải quyết, nghiên cứu
Researchers tackled the problem from different angles.
tackle a problem
|
— |
|
angle
/ˈæŋ.ɡəl/
|
noun |
góc nhìn, phương diện
They examined the issue from different angles.
from a different angle
|
— |
|
remarkably
/rɪˈmɑːr.kə.bli/
|
adverb |
đáng chú ý, đáng kinh ngạc
The two studies produced remarkably similar results.
= surprisingly
|
— |
|
conclusion
/kənˈkluː.ʒən/
|
noun |
kết luận
They arrived at a similar conclusion.
arrive at a conclusion
|
— |
|
frequency
/ˈfriː.kwən.si/
|
noun |
tần suất
Word frequency affects language change.
frequency of
|
— |
|
specific
/spəˈsɪf.ɪk/
|
adjective |
cụ thể, riêng biệt
The researchers studied specific words.
specific word
|
— |
|
exert
/ɪɡˈzɜːrt/
|
verb |
gây ra, tác động
Language use can exert an influence on change.
exert an influence
|
— |
|
influence
/ˈɪn.flu.əns/
|
noun |
ảnh hưởng, tác động
Frequency has an influence on language change.
influence on
|
— |
|
rate
/reɪt/
|
noun |
tốc độ, tỷ lệ
The rate of change varies between words.
rate of change
|
— |
|
stubbornly
/ˈstʌb.ərn.li/
|
adverb |
một cách dai dẳng, cứng đầu
Some verbs remain stubbornly irregular.
|
— |
|
irregular
/ɪˈreɡ.jə.lər/
|
adjective |
bất quy tắc
Go and went are parts of an irregular verb.
opposite: regular
|
— |
|
grammatical
/ɡrəˈmæt̬.ɪ.kəl/
|
adjective |
thuộc ngữ pháp
Students must learn grammatical rules.
grammatical rule
|
— |
|
unreliable
/ˌʌn.rɪˈlaɪ.ə.bəl/
|
adjective |
không đáng tin cậy
The method proved unreliable.
opposite: reliable
|
— |
|
suffix
/ˈsʌf.ɪks/
|
noun |
hậu tố
The suffix -ed is used to form the past tense.
opposite: prefix
|
— |
|
afford
/əˈfɔːrd/
|
verb |
cho phép, có khả năng
The language does not afford much flexibility.
be afforded
|
— |
|
regularise
/ˈreɡ.jə.lə.raɪz/
|
verb |
làm cho trở thành có quy tắc
Some irregular verbs gradually regularise.
BrE; AmE: regularize
|
— |
|
quantitative
/ˈkwɑːn.tə.teɪ.t̬ɪv/
|
adjective |
thuộc định lượng
They conducted a quantitative study.
quantitative research
|
— |
|
perform
/pərˈfɔːrm/
|
verb |
tiến hành, thực hiện
The researchers performed a detailed study.
perform a study
|
— |
|
proportional
/prəˈpɔːr.ʃən.əl/
|
adjective |
tỷ lệ thuận
The half-life is proportional to frequency.
proportional to
|
— |
|
remain
/rɪˈmeɪn/
|
verb |
vẫn còn, duy trì
Some verbs remain irregular today.
remain + adjective
|
— |
|
academic
/ˌæk.əˈdem.ɪk/
|
noun |
học giả, nhà nghiên cứu
A group of academics conducted the research.
|
— |
|
evolutionary
/ˌev.əˈluː.ʃə.ner.i/
|
adjective |
thuộc về tiến hóa
He is an evolutionary biologist.
evolutionary biology
|
— |
|
statistical
/stəˈtɪs.tɪ.kəl/
|
adjective |
thuộc về thống kê
They used statistical methods.
statistical analysis
|
— |
|
modelling
/ˈmɑː.dəl.ɪŋ/
|
noun |
việc lập mô hình
Statistical modelling was used in the study.
BrE; AmE: modeling
|
— |
|
technique
/tekˈniːk/
|
noun |
kỹ thuật, phương pháp
The researchers used a new technique.
research technique
|
— |
|
related
/rɪˈleɪ.tɪd/
|
adjective |
có liên quan, tương đồng
These words have related meanings.
related to
|
— |
|
communicate
/kəˈmjuː.nə.keɪt/
|
verb |
giao tiếp, truyền đạt
Language helps people communicate ideas.
communicate with
|
— |
|
unrelated
/ˌʌn.rɪˈleɪ.tɪd/
|
adjective |
không liên quan
The two words are completely unrelated.
opposite: related
|
— |
|
mechanism
/ˈmek.ə.nɪ.zəm/
|
noun |
cơ chế
Scientists are studying the mechanism behind language change.
mechanism for
|
— |
|
propose
/prəˈpoʊz/
|
verb |
đề xuất, đưa ra
Nobody had proposed a mechanism for this change.
propose an idea
|
— |
|
medieval
/ˌmed.iˈiː.vəl/
|
adjective |
thuộc thời Trung Cổ
Chaucer was a famous medieval poet.
medieval period
|
— |
|
instinctively
/ɪnˈstɪŋk.tɪv.li/
|
adverb |
theo bản năng
We can instinctively recognise familiar words.
instinctive
|
— |
|
recognise
/ˈrek.əɡ.naɪz/
|
verb |
nhận ra, nhận biết
I can recognise the word immediately.
AmE: recognize
|
— |
|
vagary
/ˈveɪ.ɡər.i/
|
noun |
sự biến động khó đoán
Despite the vagaries of history, languages change.
usually plural: vagaries
|
— |
|
contingency
/kənˈtɪn.dʒən.si/
|
noun |
tình huống bất ngờ, yếu tố phụ thuộc hoàn cảnh
Historical contingencies can affect language.
academic vocabulary
|
— |
|
regularity
/ˌreɡ.jəˈler.ə.t̬i/
|
noun |
tính đều đặn, quy luật
Researchers found remarkable regularities.
regular → regularity
|
— |
|
process
/ˈprɑː.ses/
|
noun |
quá trình
Language change is a gradual process.
process of
|
— |
|
linguistic
/lɪŋˈɡwɪs.tɪk/
|
adjective |
thuộc ngôn ngữ học
Linguistic change occurs over time.
linguistic research
|
— |
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