| Từ vựng | Loại từ | Nghĩa & ví dụ | Thuộc |
|---|---|---|---|
|
ochre
/ˈəʊ.kər/
|
noun |
đất son, màu đất son
Ochre was used to decorate the walls
|
— |
|
find
/faɪnd/
|
noun |
phát hiện, vật được tìm thấy
The archaeological find was very important
|
— |
|
reveal
/rɪˈviːl/
|
verb |
tiết lộ, cho thấy
The discovery revealed ancient knowledge
|
— |
|
ancient
/ˈeɪn.ʃənt/
|
adjective |
cổ đại, thời xưa
The cave contains ancient paintings
|
— |
|
knowledge
/ˈnɒl.ɪdʒ/
|
noun |
kiến thức, hiểu biết
The discovery provides new knowledge about ancient people
|
— |
|
chemical
/ˈkem.ɪ.kəl/
|
adjective |
thuộc về hóa học
They studied the chemical properties of the material
|
— |
|
process
/ˈprəʊ.ses/
|
verb |
xử lý, chế biến
Ancient people processed ochre for different purposes
|
— |
|
processing
/ˈprəʊ.ses.ɪŋ/
|
noun |
sự xử lý, chế biến
Ochre processing required special tools
|
— |
|
toolkit
/ˈtuːl.kɪt/
|
noun |
bộ dụng cụ
Archaeologists discovered an ancient toolkit
|
— |
|
workshop
/ˈwɜːk.ʃɒp/
|
noun |
xưởng, nơi làm việc
The workshop contained several tools
|
— |
|
unearthed
/ʌnˈɜːθt/
|
verb |
được khai quật, phát hiện dưới lòng đất
Archaeologists unearthed ancient tools
|
— |
|
indicate
/ˈɪn.dɪ.keɪt/
|
verb |
chỉ ra, cho thấy
The evidence indicates that humans had advanced skills
|
— |
|
as far back as
/əz fɑːr bæk əz/
|
phrase |
từ tận, từ cách đây
Humans used ochre as far back as 100,000 years ago
|
— |
|
elementary
/ˌel.ɪˈmen.tər.i/
|
adjective |
cơ bản, sơ đẳng
They had an elementary understanding of chemistry
|
— |
|
understanding
/ˌʌn.dəˈstæn.dɪŋ/
|
noun |
sự hiểu biết
The discovery shows an understanding of chemistry
|
— |
|
chemistry
/ˈkem.ɪ.stri/
|
noun |
hóa học
Chemistry was important in the production of the mixture
|
— |
|
limestone
/ˈlaɪm.stəʊn/
|
noun |
đá vôi
The cave is located inside a limestone cliff
|
— |
|
cliff
/klɪf/
|
noun |
vách đá
The cave lies within a limestone cliff
|
— |
|
coast
/kəʊst/
|
noun |
bờ biển
The cave is located on the southern coast
|
— |
|
deposit
/dɪˈpɒz.ɪt/
|
noun |
lớp trầm tích, vật tích tụ
The cave contains rich archaeological deposits
|
— |
|
rich deposits
/rɪtʃ dɪˈpɒz.ɪts/
|
noun |
các lớp trầm tích phong phú
The site contains rich deposits of ancient objects
|
— |
|
bead
/biːd/
|
noun |
hạt chuỗi, hạt trang sức
Archaeologists found ancient beads in the cave
|
— |
|
bone tool
/bəʊn tuːl/
|
noun |
công cụ bằng xương
Several bone tools were discovered at the site
|
— |
|
engraving
/ɪnˈɡreɪ.vɪŋ/
|
noun |
hình/chữ được khắc
The cave contains ancient engravings
|
— |
|
date to
/deɪt tuː/
|
verb phrase |
có niên đại từ
Some engravings date to 100,000 years ago
|
— |
|
archaeologist
/ˌɑː.kiˈɒl.ə.dʒɪst/
|
noun |
nhà khảo cổ học
The archaeologist studied the ancient site
|
— |
|
excavate
/ˈek.skə.veɪt/
|
verb |
khai quật
Archaeologists have excavated the cave since 1992
|
— |
|
excavation
/ˌek.skəˈveɪ.ʃən/
|
noun |
sự khai quật
The excavation revealed several ancient tools
|
— |
|
site
/saɪt/
|
noun |
địa điểm, khu khảo cổ
The site contains evidence of early human activity
|
— |
|
discovery
/dɪˈskʌv.ər.i/
|
noun |
sự phát hiện
The discovery changed our understanding of ancient humans
|
— |
|
mixture
/ˈmɪks.tʃər/
|
noun |
hỗn hợp
The researchers found a mixture of different materials
|
— |
|
rich in
/rɪtʃ ɪn/
|
adjective phrase |
giàu, chứa nhiều
The mixture was rich in ochre
|
— |
|
store
/stɔːr/
|
verb |
lưu trữ, cất giữ
The mixture was stored in two shells
|
— |
|
abalone shell
/ˈæb.ə.ləʊn ʃel/
|
noun |
vỏ bào ngư
The mixture was found in abalone shells
|
— |
|
date back to
/deɪt bæk tuː/
|
verb phrase |
có từ, có niên đại từ
The objects date back to the Middle Stone Age
|
— |
|
Middle Stone Age
/ˌmɪd.əl stəʊn eɪdʒ/
|
noun |
Thời kỳ Đồ đá giữa
The tools date from the Middle Stone Age
|
— |
|
array
/əˈreɪ/
|
noun |
một loạt, nhiều loại
The mixture was made from an array of materials
|
— |
|
material
/məˈtɪə.ri.əl/
|
noun |
vật liệu, nguyên liệu
The tools were made from natural materials
|
— |
|
be used for
/biː juːzd fɔːr/
|
verb phrase |
được sử dụng để
Ochre could have been used for skin decoration
|
— |
|
decoration
/ˌdek.əˈreɪ.ʃən/
|
noun |
sự trang trí
Ochre was used for decoration
|
— |
|
skin protection
/skɪn prəˈtek.ʃən/
|
noun |
bảo vệ da
The mixture may have provided skin protection
|
— |
|
technological
/ˌtek.nəˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/
|
adjective |
thuộc về công nghệ/kỹ thuật
The discovery shows early technological development
|
— |
|
behavioural
/bɪˈheɪ.vjər.əl/
|
adjective |
thuộc về hành vi
The findings reveal early behavioural development
|
— |
|
development
/dɪˈvel.əp.mənt/
|
noun |
sự phát triển
The tools show technological development
|
— |
|
occur
/əˈkɜːr/
|
verb |
xảy ra, diễn ra
Important changes occurred during this period
|
— |
|
originally
/əˈrɪdʒ.ən.əl.i/
|
adverb |
ban đầu, lúc đầu
The people who originally used the site lived there thousands of years ago
|
— |
|
discovery
/dɪˈskʌv.ər.i/
|
noun |
sự phát hiện, khám phá
The discovery provided important evidence about ancient humans
|
— |
|
earliest-known
/ˈɜː.li.ɪst nəʊn/
|
adjective |
được biết đến là cổ xưa nhất
This is the earliest-known example of its kind
|
— |
|
pigment
/ˈpɪɡ.mənt/
|
noun |
sắc tố, chất màu
The pigment was used to produce a red colour
|
— |
|
paint-producing
/ˈpeɪnt prəˌdjuː.sɪŋ/
|
adjective |
tạo ra sơn/chất màu
They found a paint-producing workshop
|
— |
|
workshop
/ˈwɜːk.ʃɒp/
|
noun |
xưởng, nơi chế tạo
Archaeologists discovered an ancient workshop
|
— |
|
material
/məˈtɪə.ri.əl/
|
noun |
vật liệu, nguyên liệu
The researchers collected different materials
|
— |
|
array
/əˈreɪ/
|
noun |
một loạt, nhiều loại
The site contained an array of raw materials
|
— |
|
raw material
/ˌrɔː məˈtɪə.ri.əl/
|
noun |
nguyên liệu thô
The mixture was made from several raw materials
|
— |
|
include
/ɪnˈkluːd/
|
verb |
bao gồm
The materials included bone and charcoal
|
— |
|
sample
/ˈsɑːm.pəl/
|
noun |
mẫu, mẫu vật
Researchers examined samples of bone
|
— |
|
bone
/bəʊn/
|
noun |
xương
The mixture contained mammal bone
|
— |
|
charcoal
/ˈtʃɑː.kəʊl/
|
noun |
than củi, gỗ cháy thành than
Charcoal was found among the materials
|
— |
|
equipment
/ɪˈkwɪp.mənt/
|
noun |
thiết bị, dụng cụ
The equipment was used to produce pigment
|
— |
|
pigment-producing equipment
/ˈpɪɡ.mənt prəˌdjuː.sɪŋ ɪˈkwɪp.mənt/
|
noun |
dụng cụ tạo chất màu
The researchers found pigment-producing equipment
|
— |
|
grindstone
/ˈɡraɪnd.stəʊn/
|
noun |
đá nghiền, cối đá
Grindstones were used to crush the ochre
|
— |
|
hammer stone
/ˈhæm.ər stəʊn/
|
noun |
đá đập, đá dùng làm búa
Hammer stones were found at the site
|
— |
|
judge by
/dʒʌdʒ baɪ/
|
verb phrase |
đánh giá/dựa vào
Judging by the equipment, they reconstructed the process
|
— |
|
sign
/saɪn/
|
noun |
dấu hiệu
The tools showed signs of wear
|
— |
|
wear
/weər/
|
noun |
sự hao mòn, dấu vết sử dụng
The equipment showed signs of wear
|
— |
|
deduce
/dɪˈdjuːs/
|
verb |
suy luận, suy ra
Scientists were able to deduce how the mixture was made
|
— |
|
process
/ˈprəʊ.ses/
|
noun |
quá trình, quy trình
They reconstructed the process used to produce the mixture
|
— |
|
produce
/prəˈdjuːs/
|
verb |
sản xuất, tạo ra
The process was used to produce ochre powder
|
— |
|
piece
/piːs/
|
noun |
mảnh, miếng
The pieces of ochre were crushed
|
— |
|
rub
/rʌb/
|
verb |
chà, cọ xát
The ochre was rubbed on a stone slab
|
— |
|
quartzite
/ˈkwɔːt.saɪt/
|
noun |
đá quartzite, thạch anh kết tinh
The ochre was rubbed on quartzite slabs
|
— |
|
slab
/slæb/
|
noun |
phiến đá, tấm đá
The powder was produced on stone slabs
|
— |
|
crush
/krʌʃ/
|
verb |
nghiền, đập vụn
The ochre was crushed into a powder
|
— |
|
powder
/ˈpaʊ.dər/
|
noun |
bột
The ochre was crushed to produce a red powder
|
— |
|
combine
/kəmˈbaɪn/
|
verb |
kết hợp, trộn
The powder was combined with bone
|
— |
|
ground-up
/ˌɡraʊnd ˈʌp/
|
adjective |
đã được nghiền nhỏ
The mixture contained ground-up mammal bone
|
— |
|
mammal
/ˈmæm.əl/
|
noun |
động vật có vú
The researchers found mammal bones
|
— |
|
trace
/treɪs/
|
noun |
dấu vết
Traces of bone were found in the mixture
|
— |
|
heat
/hiːt/
|
verb |
làm nóng, nung nóng
The bone was heated before being ground
|
— |
|
heated
/ˈhiː.tɪd/
|
adjective |
được làm nóng
The heated bone was then ground
|
— |
|
grind
/ɡraɪnd/
|
verb |
nghiền, xay
The bone was ground into small pieces
|
— |
|
mix
/mɪks/
|
verb |
trộn
The materials were mixed together
|
— |
|
stone chip
/stəʊn tʃɪp/
|
noun |
mảnh đá vụn
The mixture contained small stone chips
|
— |
|
quartz grain
/kwɔːts ɡreɪn/
|
noun |
hạt thạch anh
Quartz grains were added to the mixture
|
— |
|
liquid
/ˈlɪk.wɪd/
|
noun |
chất lỏng
A liquid was added to the mixture
|
— |
|
perhaps
/pəˈhæps/
|
adverb |
có lẽ
The liquid was perhaps water
|
— |
|
transfer
/trænsˈfɜːr/
|
verb |
chuyển, chuyển sang
The mixture was transferred to abalone shells
|
— |
|
abalone shell
/ˈæb.ə.ləʊn ʃel/
|
noun |
vỏ bào ngư
The mixture was transferred to abalone shells
|
— |
|
gently
/ˈdʒent.li/
|
adverb |
nhẹ nhàng
The mixture was gently stirred
|
— |
|
stir
/stɜːr/
|
verb |
khuấy, trộn đều
The mixture was stirred before use
|
— |
|
ready for
/ˈred.i fɔːr/
|
adjective phrase |
sẵn sàng cho
The mixture was ready for application
|
— |
|
application
/ˌæp.lɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
|
noun |
sự sử dụng, sự bôi/áp dụng
The mixture was ready for application
|
— |
|
hydropower
/ˈhaɪ.drəʊˌpaʊər/
|
noun |
thủy điện, năng lượng thủy điện
Hydropower is an important source of renewable energy
|
— |
|
hydropower plant
/ˈhaɪ.drəʊˌpaʊər plɑːnt/
|
noun |
nhà máy thủy điện
The hydropower plant produces electricity for the city
|
— |
|
rely on
/rɪˈlaɪ ɒn/
|
verb phrase |
dựa vào, phụ thuộc vào
Many hydropower plants rely on dams
|
— |
|
dam
/dæm/
|
noun |
đập
The dam holds back a large amount of water
|
— |
|
hold back
/həʊld bæk/
|
phrasal verb |
giữ lại, ngăn lại
The dam holds back water from the river
|
— |
|
water
/ˈwɔː.tər/
|
noun |
nước
Water flows through the pipe
|
— |
|
create
/kriˈeɪt/
|
verb |
tạo ra
The dam creates a large reservoir
|
— |
|
reservoir
/ˈrez.ə.vwɑːr/
|
noun |
hồ chứa nước
The reservoir stores water for the power plant
|
— |
|
recreational
/ˌrek.riˈeɪ.ʃən.əl/
|
adjective |
thuộc về giải trí, vui chơi
The reservoir is used as a recreational lake
|
— |
|
recreational lake
/ˌrek.riˈeɪ.ʃən.əl leɪk/
|
noun |
hồ phục vụ hoạt động giải trí
The reservoir is also used as a recreational lake
|
— |
|
intake
/ˈɪn.teɪk/
|
noun |
cửa lấy nước, đầu vào
Water enters the system through the intake
|
— |
|
gate
/ɡeɪt/
|
noun |
cổng, cửa van
The gates on the dam control the flow of water
|
— |
|
gravity
/ˈɡræv.ə.ti/
|
noun |
trọng lực
Gravity pulls the water downward
|
— |
|
pull
/pʊl/
|
verb |
kéo
Gravity pulls the water through the pipe
|
— |
|
penstock
/ˈpen.stɒk/
|
noun |
đường ống dẫn nước áp lực
Water flows through the penstock to the turbine
|
— |
|
pipe
/paɪp/
|
noun |
đường ống
The water flows through a large pipe
|
— |
|
lead to
/liːd tuː/
|
verb phrase |
dẫn đến, dẫn tới
The pipe leads to the turbine
|
— |
|
turbine
/ˈtɜː.baɪn/
|
noun |
tua-bin
Water turns the turbine
|
— |
|
build up
/bɪld ʌp/
|
phrasal verb |
tích tụ, tăng dần
Water builds up pressure inside the pipe
|
— |
|
pressure
/ˈpreʃ.ər/
|
noun |
áp suất
Water builds up pressure as it flows
|
— |
|
flow
/fləʊ/
|
verb |
chảy
Water flows through the penstock
|
— |
|
strike
/straɪk/
|
verb |
đập vào, tác động vào
The water strikes the turbine blades
|
— |
|
blade
/bleɪd/
|
noun |
cánh quạt, cánh tua-bin
Water turns the large turbine blades
|
— |
|
turn
/tɜːn/
|
verb |
làm quay, xoay
The water turns the turbine blades
|
— |
|
attach
/əˈtætʃ/
|
verb |
gắn, nối
The turbine is attached to a generator
|
— |
|
generator
/ˈdʒen.ə.reɪ.tər/
|
noun |
máy phát điện
The turbine drives the generator
|
— |
|
shaft
/ʃɑːft/
|
noun |
trục
The turbine is connected to the generator by a shaft
|
— |
|
magnet
/ˈmæɡ.nət/
|
noun |
nam châm
The generator contains a series of magnets
|
— |
|
series
/ˈsɪə.riːz/
|
noun |
một loạt, chuỗi
A series of magnets moves inside the generator
|
— |
|
produce
/prəˈdjuːs/
|
verb |
sản xuất, tạo ra
The generator produces electricity
|
— |
|
alternating current
/ˌɔːl.tə.neɪ.tɪŋ ˈkʌr.ənt/
|
noun |
dòng điện xoay chiều
The generator produces alternating current
|
— |
|
electron
/ɪˈlek.trɒn/
|
noun |
electron, điện tử
Electricity is produced by moving electrons
|
— |
|
move
/muːv/
|
verb |
di chuyển
The magnets move the electrons
|
— |
|
transformer
/trænsˈfɔː.mər/
|
noun |
máy biến áp
The transformer changes the voltage
|
— |
|
powerhouse
/ˈpaʊə.haʊs/
|
noun |
nhà máy điện, nhà chứa thiết bị phát điện
The transformer is located inside the powerhouse
|
— |
|
convert
/kənˈvɜːt/
|
verb |
chuyển đổi
The transformer converts AC to higher-voltage current
|
— |
|
higher-voltage
/ˌhaɪ.ə ˈvəʊl.tɪdʒ/
|
adjective |
có điện áp cao hơn
Electricity is converted into higher-voltage current
|
— |
|
voltage
/ˈvəʊl.tɪdʒ/
|
noun |
điện áp
The transformer increases the voltage
|
— |
|
current
/ˈkʌr.ənt/
|
noun |
dòng điện
The current is transmitted through power lines
|
— |
Đang tải...
