| Từ vựng | Loại từ | Nghĩa & ví dụ | Thuộc |
|---|---|---|---|
|
từ vựng
/phiên âm/
|
loại từ |
nghĩa tiếng Việt
ví dụ tiếng Anh
ghi chú
|
— |
|
notion
/ˈnəʊʃən/
|
noun |
khái niệm, ý tưởng
The notion of a sustainable city is becoming popular.
notion of sth = khái niệm về điều gì
|
— |
|
prior to
/ˈpraɪə tuː/
|
preposition |
trước khi
The area was developed prior to the construction of the new road.
= before
|
— |
|
construction
/kənˈstrʌkʃən/
|
noun |
sự xây dựng
The construction of the new city took several years.
under construction = đang được xây dựng
|
— |
|
earliest
/ˈɜːliɪst/
|
adjective |
sớm nhất, đầu tiên
The earliest planned communities appeared centuries ago.
so sánh nhất của early
|
— |
|
theoretical
/ˌθɪəˈretɪkəl/
|
adjective |
mang tính lý thuyết
The idea was initially only theoretical.
theoretical idea
|
— |
|
planned community
/ˌplænd kəˈmjuːnəti/
|
noun phrase |
cộng đồng được quy hoạch
The planned community was designed for families.
planned = được quy hoạch
|
— |
|
conceive
/kənˈsiːv/
|
verb |
hình thành, nảy ra (ý tưởng)
The architect conceived a new model for urban living.
conceive an idea
|
— |
|
master plan
/ˈmɑːstə plæn/
|
noun |
quy hoạch tổng thể
The city developed a master plan for future growth.
kế hoạch tổng thể
|
— |
|
incorporate
/ɪnˈkɔːpəreɪt/
|
verb |
kết hợp, đưa vào
The plan incorporates parks and public spaces.
incorporate sth into sth
|
— |
|
comprehensive
/ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv/
|
adjective |
toàn diện
The government developed a comprehensive plan for the city.
comprehensive planning
|
— |
|
planning
/ˈplænɪŋ/
|
noun |
sự quy hoạch, lập kế hoạch
Careful planning is essential for urban development.
urban planning = quy hoạch đô thị
|
— |
|
arise
/əˈraɪz/
|
verb |
xuất hiện, nảy sinh
New problems may arise during construction.
arise → arose → arisen
|
— |
|
reaction to
/riˈækʃən tuː/
|
noun phrase |
phản ứng đối với
The project was a reaction to rapid population growth.
reaction to sth
|
— |
|
pollution
/pəˈluːʃən/
|
noun |
ô nhiễm
The new plan aims to reduce air pollution.
air/water pollution
|
— |
|
growing
/ˈɡrəʊɪŋ/
|
adjective |
đang gia tăng, ngày càng tăng
The city faces a growing population.
growing demand/population
|
— |
|
industrial revolution
/ɪnˌdʌstriəl ˌrevəˈluːʃən/
|
noun |
Cách mạng Công nghiệp
The Industrial Revolution changed urban life dramatically.
thường viết hoa
|
— |
|
lay out
/ˌleɪ ˈaʊt/
|
phrasal verb |
trình bày, vạch ra, quy hoạch
The architect laid out the plans for the new town.
lay out a plan/design
|
— |
|
economically viable
/ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪkli ˈvaɪəbəl/
|
adjective phrase |
khả thi về mặt kinh tế
The project must be economically viable.
viable = có tính khả thi
|
— |
|
limited in size
/ˈlɪmɪtɪd ɪn saɪz/
|
adjective phrase |
bị giới hạn về quy mô
The new towns were limited in size.
limited in + noun
|
— |
|
density
/ˈdensəti/
|
noun |
mật độ
High population density can cause overcrowding.
population density = mật độ dân số
|
— |
|
surround
/səˈraʊnd/
|
verb |
bao quanh
The town is surrounded by green spaces.
be surrounded by sth
|
— |
|
belt of undeveloped land
/ˌbelt əv ˌʌndɪˈveləpt lænd/
|
noun phrase |
vành đai đất chưa phát triển
The town was surrounded by a belt of undeveloped land.
undeveloped = chưa được phát triển
|
— |
|
financial backing
/faɪˌnænʃəl ˈbækɪŋ/
|
noun |
sự hỗ trợ về tài chính
The project received financial backing from investors.
financial backing = financial support
|
— |
|
lead to
/ˈliːd tuː/
|
phrasal verb |
dẫn đến
The idea led to the creation of a new town.
lead to + noun/V-ing
|
— |
|
creation
/kriˈeɪʃən/
|
noun |
sự tạo ra, sự hình thành
The plan led to the creation of several communities.
creation of sth
|
— |
|
construct
/kənˈstrʌkt/
|
verb |
xây dựng
The second town was constructed following Howard's ideas.
construction (n)
|
— |
|
inspired by
/ɪnˈspaɪəd baɪ/
|
adjective phrase |
được truyền cảm hứng bởi
The design was inspired by Howard's ideas.
be inspired by sth
|
— |
|
community
/kəˈmjuːnəti/
|
noun |
cộng đồng
The community was designed to be safe for children.
local community
|
— |
|
conceive as
/kənˈsiːv æz/
|
verb phrase |
hình dung/coi là
The town was conceived as a safe community.
conceive A as B
|
— |
|
safe for
/seɪf fɔːr/
|
adjective phrase |
an toàn cho
The area was designed to be safe for children.
safe for sb
|
— |
|
intentionally
/ɪnˈtenʃənəli/
|
adverb |
có chủ ý, cố ý
The streets were intentionally designed for pedestrians.
= deliberately
|
— |
|
pioneer
/ˌpaɪəˈnɪə/
|
verb |
đi tiên phong, mở đường
Radburn pioneered a new approach to urban planning.
pioneer sth
|
— |
|
influence
/ˈɪnfluəns/
|
verb/noun |
ảnh hưởng; sự ảnh hưởng
The design influenced later planned communities.
influence sth/sb
|
— |
|
separation
/ˌsepəˈreɪʃən/
|
noun |
sự tách biệt, phân cách
The plan included the separation of pedestrians and vehicles.
separation of A and B
|
— |
|
pedestrian
/pəˈdestriən/
|
noun |
người đi bộ
The streets are designed mainly for pedestrians.
pedestrian area/zone
|
— |
|
vehicle
/ˈviːɪkəl/
|
noun |
phương tiện, xe cộ
The plan separates pedestrians from vehicles.
motor vehicle
|
— |
|
superblock
/ˈsuːpəblɒk/
|
noun |
siêu khu phố, khu đô thị lớn gồm nhiều dãy phố
Each superblock contains several residential areas.
thuật ngữ quy hoạch đô thị
|
— |
|
acre
/ˈeɪkə/
|
noun |
mẫu Anh (đơn vị diện tích)
The park covers 23 acres.
1 acre ≈ 4,047 m²
|
— |
|
parkland
/ˈpɑːklænd/
|
noun |
đất công viên, khu đất có cây xanh
The community includes large areas of parkland.
land used as parks
|
— |
|
urban planning
/ˌɜːbən ˈplænɪŋ/
|
noun |
quy hoạch đô thị
Urban planning can improve the quality of life.
urban = thuộc đô thị
|
— |
|
planned city
/ˌplænd ˈsɪti/
|
noun phrase |
thành phố được quy hoạch
The planned city was designed around green spaces.
planned = được thiết kế/quy hoạch trước
|
— |
|
urban development
/n. phr./
|
/ˈɜː.bən dɪˈvel.əp.mənt/ |
sự phát triển đô thị
|
— |
|
publish
/ˈpʌb.lɪʃ/
|
verb |
xuất bản
Luke Howard published a book about the climate of London
|
— |
|
climate
/ˈklaɪ.mət/
|
noun |
khí hậu
The climate of the city has changed over time
|
— |
|
identify
/aɪˈden.tɪ.faɪ/
|
verb |
xác định, nhận ra
Scientists identified a serious environmental problem
|
— |
|
emerging
/ɪˈmɜː.dʒɪŋ/
|
adjective |
mới nổi, đang xuất hiện
The report identified an emerging environmental problem
|
— |
|
development
/dɪˈvel.əp.mənt/
|
noun |
sự phát triển
Urban development affects the local environment
|
— |
|
urban development
/ˈɜː.bən dɪˈvel.əp.mənt/
|
noun |
sự phát triển đô thị
Urban development can increase local temperatures
|
— |
|
direct impact
/dəˈrekt ˈɪm.pækt/
|
noun |
tác động trực tiếp
Urban growth has a direct impact on the climate
|
— |
|
impact
/ˈɪm.pækt/
|
noun |
tác động, ảnh hưởng
Human activity has a major impact on the environment
|
— |
|
expansion
/ɪkˈspæn.ʃən/
|
noun |
sự mở rộng, phát triển
The city experienced rapid expansion
|
— |
|
notice
/ˈnəʊ.tɪs/
|
verb |
nhận thấy, chú ý
Howard noticed that temperatures were increasing
|
— |
|
gradually
/ˈɡrædʒ.u.ə.li/
|
adverb |
dần dần
Temperatures gradually became higher
|
— |
|
temperature
/ˈtem.prə.tʃər/
|
noun |
nhiệt độ
The temperature is higher in urban areas
|
— |
|
rural area
/ˈrʊə.rəl ˈeə.ri.ə/
|
noun |
khu vực nông thôn
Temperatures are often lower in rural areas
|
— |
|
urban heat island
/ˈɜː.bən hiːt ˈaɪ.lənd/
|
noun |
đảo nhiệt đô thị
Urban heat islands are common in large cities
|
— |
|
phenomenon
/fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/
|
noun |
hiện tượng
This phenomenon occurs in many cities
|
— |
|
occur
/əˈkɜːr/
|
verb |
xảy ra, xuất hiện
The phenomenon occurs in both summer and winter
|
— |
|
difference
/ˈdɪf.ər.əns/
|
noun |
sự khác biệt
There is a significant difference in temperature
|
— |
|
expert
/ˈek.spɜːt/
|
noun |
chuyên gia
Experts agree that urban development causes the problem
|
— |
|
agree
/əˈɡriː/
|
verb |
đồng ý, nhất trí
Experts agree that the problem is serious
|
— |
|
due to
/djuː tuː/
|
preposition |
do, bởi vì
The temperature difference is due to urban development
|
— |
|
open green space
/ˌəʊ.pən ɡriːn speɪs/
|
noun |
không gian xanh mở
Open green spaces are important in cities
|
— |
|
replace
/rɪˈpleɪs/
|
verb |
thay thế
Green spaces are replaced with roads
|
— |
|
asphalt
/ˈæs.fælt/
|
noun |
nhựa đường
Asphalt roads absorb and retain heat
|
— |
|
brick
/brɪk/
|
noun |
gạch
Many buildings are made of brick
|
— |
|
concrete
/ˈkɒŋ.kriːt/
|
noun |
bê tông
Concrete buildings can retain heat
|
— |
|
material
/məˈtɪə.ri.əl/
|
noun |
vật liệu
These materials absorb heat from the Sun
|
— |
|
retain
/rɪˈteɪn/
|
verb |
giữ lại, duy trì
Concrete surfaces retain heat during the day
|
— |
|
generate
/ˈdʒen.ə.reɪt/
|
verb |
tạo ra, sản sinh
The Sun generates a large amount of heat
|
— |
|
release
/rɪˈliːs/
|
verb |
giải phóng, tỏa ra
Buildings release heat during the night
|
— |
|
thunderstorm
/ˈθʌn.də.stɔːm/
|
noun |
giông bão
Thunderstorms sometimes occur in the morning
|
— |
|
occur in the morning
/əˈkɜːr ɪn ðə ˈmɔː.nɪŋ/
|
phrase |
xảy ra vào buổi sáng
Thunderstorms occur in the morning
|
— |
|
official
/əˈfɪʃ.əl/
|
noun |
quan chức
Officials advised builders to change their designs
|
— |
|
advise
/ədˈvaɪz/
|
verb |
khuyên, tư vấn
Officials advised builders to use light-colored roofs
|
— |
|
builder
/ˈbɪl.dər/
|
noun |
người xây dựng, nhà thầu
Builders are encouraged to use sustainable materials
|
— |
|
light-colored
/ˌlaɪt ˈkʌl.əd/
|
adjective |
có màu sáng
Light-colored roofs reflect more sunlight
|
— |
|
in a bid to
/ɪn ə bɪd tuː/
|
phrase |
nhằm mục đích, với nỗ lực
Officials changed the roofs in a bid to reduce heat
|
— |
|
reduce
/rɪˈdjuːs/
|
verb |
giảm
Green roofs can reduce urban temperatures
|
— |
|
strategy
/ˈstræt.ə.dʒi/
|
noun |
chiến lược
Cities are adopting strategies to combat climate change
|
— |
|
adopt
/əˈdɒpt/
|
verb |
áp dụng, thông qua
Many cities are adopting new environmental strategies
|
— |
|
combat
/ˈkɒm.bæt/
|
verb |
chống lại, đối phó với
Governments are trying to combat climate change
|
— |
|
issue
/ˈɪʃ.uː/
|
noun |
vấn đề
Urban heating is a serious environmental issue
|
— |
|
uncommon
/ʌnˈkɒm.ən/
|
adjective |
không phổ biến, hiếm
It is not uncommon to see gardens on rooftops
|
— |
|
rooftop
/ˈruːf.tɒp/
|
noun |
mái nhà
Plants are growing on rooftops
|
— |
|
transform
/trænsˈfɔːm/
|
verb |
biến đổi, chuyển đổi
Singapore plans to transform the city into a garden
|
— |
|
pledge
/pledʒ/
|
verb |
cam kết
The government pledged to create more green spaces
|
— |
|
competition
/ˌkɒm.pəˈtɪʃ.ən/
|
noun |
cuộc thi
The government held an international competition
|
— |
|
entry
/ˈen.tri/
|
noun |
bài dự thi, đơn tham gia
The competition received many entries
|
— |
|
master plan
/ˈmɑː.stə plæn/
|
noun |
kế hoạch tổng thể
They developed a master plan for the city
|
— |
|
outcome
/ˈaʊt.kʌm/
|
noun |
kết quả
One outcome was the creation of the Supertrees
|
— |
|
creation
/kriˈeɪ.ʃən/
|
noun |
sự tạo ra, thành lập
The creation of the Supertrees changed the city
|
— |
|
metal construction
/ˈmet.əl kənˈstrʌk.ʃən/
|
noun |
công trình bằng kim loại
The Supertrees are large metal constructions
|
— |
|
resemble
/rɪˈzem.bəl/
|
verb |
giống, trông giống
The structures resemble very tall trees
|
— |
|
range from ... to ...
/reɪndʒ frəm ... tuː .../
|
phrase |
dao động từ... đến...
The trees range in height from 25m to 50m
|
— |
|
height
/haɪt/
|
noun |
chiều cao
The height of the structures varies
|
— |
|
vertical
/ˈvɜː.tɪ.kəl/
|
adjective |
thẳng đứng
Each structure is a vertical garden
|
— |
|
freestanding
/ˌfriːˈstæn.dɪŋ/
|
adjective |
độc lập, đứng riêng
Each Supertree is a freestanding structure
|
— |
|
exotic
/ɪɡˈzɒt.ɪk/
|
adjective |
ngoại lai, kỳ lạ
The garden contains many exotic plants
|
— |
|
fern
/fɜːn/
|
noun |
cây dương xỉ
The garden is home to exotic plants and ferns
|
— |
|
structure
/ˈstrʌk.tʃər/
|
noun |
cấu trúc, công trình
The structure resembles a natural tree
|
— |
|
designer
/dɪˈzaɪ.nər/
|
noun |
nhà thiết kế
The designers created an artificial rainforest canopy
|
— |
|
rainforest canopy
/ˈreɪn.fɒr.ɪst ˈkæn.ə.pi/
|
noun |
tầng tán rừng nhiệt đới
The structures create a rainforest canopy
|
— |
|
solar panel
/ˈsəʊ.lər ˌpæn.əl/
|
noun |
tấm pin năng lượng mặt trời
Solar panels provide energy for the lights
|
— |
|
solar energy
/ˈsəʊ.lər ˈen.ə.dʒi/
|
noun |
năng lượng mặt trời
Solar energy is a renewable source of power
|
— |
|
container
/kənˈteɪ.nər/
|
noun |
vật chứa, thùng chứa
Containers are used to collect rainwater
|
— |
|
collect
/kəˈlekt/
|
verb |
thu thập, hứng
The system collects rainwater
|
— |
|
rainwater
/ˈreɪnˌwɔː.tər/
|
noun |
nước mưa
Rainwater is collected and reused
|
— |
|
self-sufficient
/ˌself.səˈfɪʃ.ənt/
|
adjective |
tự cung tự cấp, tự duy trì
The Supertrees are designed to be self-sufficient
|
— |
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