Conclusion craft — restate + extend, không repeat

Vai trò conclusion

Conclusion = wrap up + leave lasting impression.

Band 6 conclusion: copy intro với từ khác → empty. Band 8 conclusion: synthesizes + extends one final thought.

3 conclusion formulas

Formula 1: Synthesis + Recommendation

• Sentence 1: Synthesize main points
• Sentence 2: Implication or recommendation

"In conclusion, while remote work offers undeniable flexibility, it also strains the social fabric of organizations. The most sustainable path forward likely involves hybrid models that preserve face-to-face collaboration while honouring workers' need for autonomy."

Formula 2: Restate Position + Final Reflection

• Sentence 1: Restate stance
• Sentence 2: Broader significance

"To conclude, government investment in space exploration represents not just scientific ambition but practical economic strategy. As private actors increasingly dominate this domain, public coordination becomes more, not less, essential."

Formula 3: Summary + Future-looking

• Sentence 1: Summarize key argument
• Sentence 2: Looking ahead

"In sum, traditional education methods alone cannot equip students for a rapidly changing world. Whether schools embrace this reality through curriculum reform will shape the next generation's capacity to thrive."

Common errors

Error 1: Identical to intro

Intro: "Schools should teach moral values because they form character early." Conclusion: "In conclusion, schools should teach moral values because they form character early." → ZERO new content. Examiner sees empty repetition.

Fix: rephrase + extend.

Error 2: Introducing new arguments

"In conclusion, schools should teach moral values. Another reason is that..."

→ New argument in conclusion = disorganized.

Fix: arguments belong in body. Conclusion only synthesizes.

Error 3: Vague/empty conclusion

"To conclude, this is an important topic that needs more discussion."

→ Says nothing. Doesn't reaffirm position.

Error 4: Question to reader

"What will the future hold? Only time will tell."