Topic sentences có ý nghĩa — không chung chung filler

Vai trò topic sentence

Topic sentence ở câu đầu mỗi body paragraph. Function:

• Tell reader what paragraph is about
• Connect to thesis
• Set up the supporting points

Band 7 mistake: topic sentence là filler ("There are many reasons for this"). Band 8 topic sentence CHỨA actual claim.

4 patterns topic sentences

Pattern 1: Direct claim + reason

"Schools should teach moral values because they reach children at a developmentally critical age."

Claim: schools should teach values. Reason: developmental timing.

Pattern 2: Comparison statement

"Unlike fossil fuels, renewable energy sources offer sustainability without environmental cost."

Contrast sets up the supporting argument.

Pattern 3: Counter-then-pivot

"While some argue that strict regulation stifles innovation, evidence from successful tech hubs suggests the opposite."

Acknowledge opposition, pivot to your point.

Pattern 4: Cause/effect framing

"One direct consequence of urbanization is the strain on local infrastructure systems."

Frames paragraph as exploring effect.

Avoid these openings (filler)

Filler 1: Number announcement

"There are three reasons for this."

Weak — no actual claim. Tells reader structure, not content.

Fix: State the FIRST reason directly. "The most pressing reason is..."

Filler 2: Generic generalization

"Many people think differently about this issue."

Says nothing. Reader knows perspectives vary.

Fix: "While many [argue X], the more compelling evidence supports Y."

Filler 3: Question rhetorical

"Why is this important?"

Weak academic style. Just answer the question directly.

Fix: "This matters because [reason]."

Filler 4: Topic restatement

"Now I will discuss the disadvantages."

Meta-commentary, no claim.

Fix: State the disadvantage directly. "One significant drawback is..."